| Identification / पहचान | |
| Reference Number / संदर्भ संख्या | TN01001378 |
| Built Heritage/Site निर्मित धरोहर / स्थल |
Built Heritage |
| Name of the Monument / Built Heritage / Site स्मारक / निर्मित धरोहर / स्थल का नाम |
Attrambakkam Attirampakkam |
| State / राज्य | Tamil Nadu |
| District / जिला | Thiruvallur |
| Manual District | |
| Sub District / उप-जिला | Uthukkottai (TP) |
| Manual Sub District | |
| Village / गाँव | |
| Manual Village | |
| Cultural Affiliation / सांस्कृतिक सम्बंधन | Prehistoric - प्रागैतिहासिक काल |
| Date/Period तारीख/युग |
C. 9th - 10th Cent. CE |
| Sub Period | |
| Geo-Location / भू-अवस्थिति | In wasteland to the north of the village of Krishnaveram Manadmedu and to the northwest of the village of Attirampakkam |
| Latitude / अक्षांश | 13 14 4 |
| Longitude / देशान्तर | 79 52 43 |
| Approach to the Monument / पहुंचने का मार्ग | |
| Approach /पहुंचने का मार्ग | N.A |
| Air Port / विमानपत्तन | Chennai |
| Railway Station / रेलवे स्टेशन | Thiruvallur |
| Bus Station / बस स्टैंड | Attrambakkam and Krishnaveram |
| Topographical Features / स्थलाकृतिक विशेषताएं | |
| Topographical Feature / स्थलाकृतिक विशेषताएं | Plain- मैदान |
| Topographical Description / स्थलाकृतिक विवरण | Attirampakkam is an open-air Palaeolithic site situated near a meandering tributary stream of the river Kortallaiyar. The site is situated on a topographic zone lying between the NNE SSW-trending Allikulli and Satyavedu Hills 200 380 m a.s.l. constituting outliers of the Eastern Ghats and the low-lying Bay of Bengal coastal plain. Outcrops exposed in the Satyavedu and Allikulli Hills comprise cobble- to boulder-sized conglomerates, cobbles and boulders of quartzite, quartzitic sandstone and occasional weathered gneiss, which were used as raw material by prehistoric populations from the Acheulian onwards. The Cretaceous Sriperumbudur Formation and the Avadi Formation occur in the surrounding low-lying regions. |
| History / इतिहास | |
| Brief History / संक्षिप्त इतिहास | Attirampakkam was discovered in September 1863, by Robert Bruce Foote and his colleague William King Foote 1866, 1916a,b , in the course of routine geological surveys in the region. Foote provided the first meticulous description of the site along with interpretations on its depositional history, probable past environments, tool types and technology. Foote and King also proposed varied interpretations to account for the high density of tools noted here, which ranged from natural processes to past behavior Pappu 1991 . Following this path breaking work, attention turned to the Kortallaiyar basin with the work of V.D.Krishnaswami in 1935 Krishnswami 1938a, 1947 32 and during the course of the Yale-Cambridge expedition under De Terra and Paterson 1939 . |
| Local / Traditional description associated with Built Heritage / Site निर्मित धरोहर / स्थल से सम्बंधित स्थानीय/ परम्परागत विवरण |
N.A |
| Architectural Style / स्थापत्य शैली | N.A - उपलब्ध नहीं |
| Building/ Structure/Site
इमारत / संरचना / स्थल |
|
| Description of Building/ Structure/Site
इमारत/संरचना/स्थल का विवरण |
Excavations under the direction of S.Pappu and Kumar Akhilesh led to the identification of eight major sedimentary horizons at the site. At the base of the sequence are argillaceous silty clays Layers 6 and 8 interlayered with a gravel bed Layer 7 . These layers form the horizon for the earliest Acheulian occupation at Attirampakkam. These deposits are overlain by a ferruginous gravel bed Layer 5 capped by clay-rich silts Layers 3 and 4 , followed by fine-grained ferricrete gravels Layer 2 , and finally capped by an archaeologically sterile layer of clayey-silts Layer 1 which also corresponds to the arable soil in neighbouring fields. Acheulian artefacts were on fine- to coarse-grained quartzites and are largely unabraded. Reduction streams were identified, and studies of the bifaces published in detail. As regards Acheulian levels, hominins transported large flakes and complete or partly trimmed tools on flakes to the site. |
| Structure material and other material संरचनागत सामग्री और अन्य घटक |
|
| Building/Structure material and other material used प्रयोग में लाई गई इमारती / संरचनागत सामग्री और अन्य घटक |
Not Applicable |
| Usage(s) & Sub Type | |
| Usage(s) / प्रयोग | N.A - उपलब्ध नहीं |
| Sub-Usage(s)/ उप-प्रयोग | Waste land |
| Ownership / स्वामित्व | State - राज्य |
| Protection status / संरक्षण अवस्था | Unprotected- असंरक्षित |
| Plan/Elevation विन्यास/उध्र्व विन्यास | |
| Published Reference / प्रकाशित संदर्भ | |
| Author / लेखक | Banerjee, K.D. |
| Name / नाम | Excavation at Attirampakkam, District Chingleput, Indian Archaeology |
| Year / वर्ष | |
| Published/Unpublished प्रकाशित / अप्रकाशित |
Published |
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